计算机制造业产品差别化成因分析

根据计算机制造业的特点,从客观条件与消费者主观选择这两个方面具体分析了计算机制造业产品差别化的形成原因,并对运用产品差别化战略的计算机制造企业提出了相应的建议。     

高校理工专业实践教学的学生差异化培养方法研究

理工专业实践教学是培养学生动手能力、创新能力和创造能力的重要途径,而当前由于学生群体对专业知识的掌握程度和专业技能的需求选择存在差异,导致传统实践教学方法成效欠佳。本文针对这一问题,具体提出了学生差异化培养方法及其理念、本质、内容和操作等。     

How much trustworthy and salubrious an organic jam should be? The impact of organic logo on the Italian jam market

This paper studies the impact of organic logo in the Italian jam market. Using data on true sales in Italian supermarkets in the 2002–2004 period we estimate the structural demand model developed by Berry (1994). This approach allows us to solve potential endogeneity problem in the estimation of the price coefficient in the demand equation, as well as other aspects related to multiple sources of differentiation. In a market where 62 percent of organic jams are diet this approach allows us to identify separately the market power induced by the organic logo and by the low content of sugar. The estimation results from various specifications of GEV class of models show that the organic attribute guarantees a degree of market power greater than the diet attribute. However, the protection from competition entailed by the organic logo is not particularly strong, and the diet attribute does not guarantees additional protection to organic jams. Most importantly, our findings show that consumers trust more big organic producers thus suggesting important policy implications on the supply and marketing side of the jam market.     

Sushi or Fish Fingers? Seafood Diversity,Collapsing Fish Stocks,and Multispecies Fishery Management*

We present a model of a multispecies fishery, and we show the following. (i) Consumer preferences for seafood diversity can trigger a sequential collapse of fish stocks under open‐access fishery. (ii) The stronger the preferences are for diversity, the higher is the need for coordinated multispecies regulation. (iii) Second‐best optimal management of only one (or a few) species is less strict than socially optimal management of the same species. (iv) Myopic regulation of one species, ignoring spillovers to other species, can cause depletion of other stocks that would not be depleted under open access.     

ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ABOUT PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION

We introduce asymmetric information about consumers’ transportation costs (i.e., the degree of product differentiation) in the model of Hotelling. When transportation costs are high, both firms have lower profits with asymmetric information than with perfect information. Contrarily, if transportation costs are low, both firms may prefer the asymmetric information scenario (the informed firm always prefers the informational advantage, while the uninformed firm may or may not prefer to remain uninformed). Information exchange is ex‐ante advantageous for both firms, but ex‐post damaging if transportation costs turn out to be low. If the information is unverifiable, the informed firm does not represent a reliable source of information, since it always prefers to announce that transportation costs are high and there is no contract that induces truthful revelation.     

The Effect of Probabilistic Selling on the Optimal Product Mix

Determination of the merchandize assortment is an important decision for retailers since the composition and depth of the product mix greatly impact both unit sales and costs. This paper considers how Probabilistic Selling (PS), an emerging marketing strategy, impacts the type and number of products a retailer should carry. We find that adopting PS can alter the optimal number of products (i.e., encourage the retailer to offer more or fewer products), depending on demand- and supply-side factors. Furthermore, introducing probabilistic goods sometimes increases the optimal degree of product differentiation and sometimes reduces it. Specifically, less differentiated products are warranted if there are either few or many consumers with extreme tastes, but more differentiation is needed otherwise. Our analysis reveals that PS can serve either as a substitute to new product introduction (because it enables a retailer to serve a diverse market at a lower cost) or as a complement to new product introduction (since, under PS, a new product enables a retailer to offer additional probabilistic goods that utilize this new product as one of its components). In sum, our results indicate that a retailer must adjust its merchandize assortment appropriately in order to fully benefit from probabilistic selling.     

The Retailer's Perspective on the Link Between Logistical Resources and Perceived Customer Loyalty to Manufacturer Brands

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between logistics and brand‐related resources, and assess their impact on the retailer's perceptions of customer loyalty to manufacturer brands. On the basis of theoretical underpinnings of the resource‐based view, this study explores the relationships among four main variables: (1) variety of collaborative logistics technologies shared between retailers and manufacturers, (2) manufacturer's logistics operations quality provided to retailers, (3) retailer's brand differentiation orientation, and (4) retailer's perceptions of customers loyalty to manufacturer brands. An online survey was conducted on 313 senior marketing and supply chain managers from retailer firms. The results of the structural equation analysis support a mediated relationship between logistical resources and perceived loyalty to manufacturer brands. The retailers believe that shared logistics technologies enable manufacturers and retailers to offer higher levels of availability and visibility of preferred brands to their end‐user customers. In turn, the end‐users become more confident with their decisions to repurchase the same brand offerings.     

基于职业能力培养的陕西民办高校学生就业力提升研究

民办教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,也是职业技术教育的高等阶段,其目标是培养高级技术应用型人才。民办高校学生就业力的强弱是其在竞争中取胜的关键。本研究通过调研与文献资料分析的方法,对陕西民办高校学生职业能力及就业力进行深入分析,基于职业能力培养的基础上为提高学生的就业力提出相关策略。     

中部旅游经济圈中河南省旅游业定位研究

随着华东、华南、西部等区域相继得到国家政策的扶持,中部旅游经济圈的构建也得到了各地政府和学者的青睐。基于中部旅游经济圈,通过对河南省旅游业在资源、市场、区位、竞争力、游客心理认知5个方面的分析与研究,得出河南省旅游业在整个区域中的核心优势与竞争力,根据避强性原则、差异化原则和核心竞争力原则,对河南省旅游业进行定位研究,为河南省旅游业形象宣传和核心竞争力研究提供基础。     

The dynamics of innovation and horizontal differentiation

We study innovation in a dynamic stochastic discrete-time duopoly with endogenous horizontal differentiation. Innovation takes the form of a quality ladder; horizontal differentiation is Hotelling competition. We compute Markov-perfect equilibria and study the effects on long-run innovation of changes in taste heterogeneity (transport costs) and firms' costs of relocating products. Innovation rises as the industry's long-run position moves toward products that are permanently co-located in the space of horizontal tastes. A large enough fall in taste heterogeneity will raise long-run innovation, while more costly product relocation lowers innovation if taste heterogeneity is high, and raises it otherwise.